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3-Modal verbs: Can, must, have to: permission and obligations.


 



Do you know how to use modal verbs to talk about permission and obligation?

 

Look at these examples to see how can, can't, must, mustn't, have to and don’t have to are used.

 

You can put your shoes and coat over there.

You can't leave your bike there.

I must call the electrician and get that light fixed.

You mustn't worry about me. I'll be fine.

You have to have a licence to drive a car.

You don't have to have a licence to cycle on the roads.

 

 

·     Modal verbs to give permission and to ask for permission: Possibility/probability/Ability.

·     1- Polite form/Formal:

·     May/Might:

·      

·     Examples:

 

 

·     May I borrow your pen?

·     Might I go to the party later?

·     may I leave now?

·     Might you give me your name?

·     Might I go to the pool now?

·     May you come to my home on the weekend?

 

2- Medium formal:

·     Could

·     Examples:

·     Could you give me your phone number?

·     Could you send me the homework?

·     Could you lend me your book for the test?

·     Could I give your notes to sally?

·     Could I go to the park with Jane?

·     Could I Go to the movies with you?

·     Could I go to central park next week?

·     3- Casual form:

·     Can:

·     Examples:

·     Can we go to the zoo tomorrow?

·     Can you lend me your purse?

·     Can you give me your phone number?

·     Can you tell me your name?

·     Can we go to the beach next week?

·     Can you talk to me for a minute?

·     Can I call you later?

·     Can we go to the meeting now?

·     Can we go to NY for holidays?

·     Can you text me when you get home?

·     Can you give me your I cream?

 

·     Answers:

 

·     1-Polite form: Yes, you may/ not you may not .

 

·     Please, may I see your ticket? Yes, you may. (Positive answer).

 

·     May Mary come with us to the movies? No, she may not (negative answer).

 

·     2- medium formal: yes, you could/ not you couldn’t (could not).

 

·     Examples:

 

·     Could I go to the beach tomorrow? yes, you could (Positive answer)

 

·     Could I ride your bike next week? No, you couldn’t (could not) (negative answer)

 

·     Could I go to the park with jane? Yes, you could. (Positive answer)

 

·     Could we go to the Aquarius next month? Yes, we could (Positive answer).

 

·     3-Casual form: Can/can’t.

 

·     Examples:

 

·     Can we go to the beach tomorrow? Yes, we can (Positive answer)

 

·     Can we go to LA next month? No, we can’t (negative answer)

 

·     Can we go to the gym tomorrow? Yes, we can (positive answer)

 

·     Can I go to the mall today? Yes, you can (Positive answer)

 

·     No, you can’t (negative answer)

 

·     Can I do my hair today? Yes, you can (Positive answer)

 

·     Can we go shopping today? Yes, we can. (Positive answer)

 

·     Can you bring the cake to the party? Yes, I can (Positive answer)

 

·     Can we go to bowling next weekend? Yes, we can. (Positive answer)

 

·     2- Obligations: can/Can’t

 

·        We said that we use can or can’t when someone is allowed to do something.

 

·     Examples:

 

·     You can talk with me after school.

 

·     You can ride a bike here

 

·     He run faster than me at the zoo.

 

·     You can’t smoke here.

 

·     You can’t talk loud here

 

·     You can’t wear a hat at the church.

 

·     You can speak Spanish here.

 

·     We often use verbs with modal meanings to talk about permission and obligation.

 

·     We also use could to ask for permission (but not to give it). Could is more formal and polite than can.

·      

·     Could I ask you something?

·     Could I interrupt?

·     Could I borrow your pen for a moment, please?

 

 

·     May:

 

·     May is the most formal way to ask for and give permission.

·      

·     May I see your passport, please?

·     Customers may request a refund within a period of 30 days.

·     These pages may be photocopied for classroom use.

·     Prohibition:

·      

·     We use can't and mustn't to show that something is prohibited – it is not allowed.

·      

·     can't

·     We use can't to talk about something that is against the rules, particularly when we didn't make the rules.

·      

·     Examples:

·      

·     What does this sign say? Oh, we can't park here.

·      

·     You can't take photos in the museum. They're really strict about it.

·      

·     Sorry, we can't sell knives to under-18s.

·     must not/mustn't:

·      

·     We use must not to talk about what is not permitted. It is common on public signs and notices informing people of rules and laws.

·      

·     Examples:

·      

·     Visitors must not park in the staff car park.

·      

·     Baggage must not be left unattended.

·      

·     Guests must not make noise after 10 p.m.

·      

·     We use mustn't particularly when the prohibition comes from the speaker.

 

 

·     Examples:

·      

·     (Parent to child) You mustn't say things like that to your sister.

·      

·     (Teacher to student) You mustn't be late to class.

·      

·     I mustn't let that happen again.

·      

·     Obligation:

·      

·     We use have to and must to express obligation. There is a slight difference between the way we use them.

·      

·     have to:

·     Have to shows us that the obligation comes from outside the speaker.

·      

·     We have to wear a uniform when we're working in reception.

·      

·     (Student to teacher) When do we have to hand in our homework?

·      

·     Al has to work tomorrow so he can't come.

·      

·     We sometimes call this 'external obligation'.

·      

·     Must:

·      

·     Must expresses a strong obligation or necessity. It often shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker (or the authority that wrote the sentence).

 

 

·     Examples:

·      

·     I must phone my dad. It's his birthday today.

·      

·     (Teacher to student) You must hand in your homework on Tuesday or you will lose ten per cent of your mark.

·      

·     (Sign on a plane) Seat belts must be worn by all passengers.

·      

·     Note that we don't use must to express obligation in the past. We use have to instead.

·      

·     Example: Obligation in the past we use have to.

 

·     I had to pay £85 to renew my passport last week.

 

·     I had to work overtime last week.

 

·     I had to give my class on the weekend.

 

·     I had to go early from work this week.

 

·     I had to use my calculator on the math class because the computer was freezing.

 

 

·     No obligation:

·     don't have to:

·     We use don’t have to, to   show that there is no obligation. You can do something if you want to but it's not compulsory.

 

 

 

Examples:

 

·     You don't have to wear a tie in our office but some people like to dress more formally.

·      

·     You don't have to go to the bank to do a transfer. You can do it online.

·      

·     You don't have to come with me, honestly. I'll be fine!

 

·     Grammar:

 

·     Grammar B1-B2: Modals – permission and obligation: 2

·     Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

 

1-_____ go to the party? I'm really tired.

·     Do we have to

·     Can we

·     Can't we

 

·     2- (Parent to child) You _____ do your homework before watching television.

·     must

·     can

·     could

 

·     3- I'll _____ wear the black dress tonight. The invitation said formal clothes.

·     can

·     have to

·     mustn't

 

4- You _____ rent a car without a credit card.

·     don't have to

·     mustn't

·     can't

 

 

·     5-I _____ forget to take my library books back on the way home.

·      

·     mustn't

·     don't have to

·     have to

 

·     6- n the UK you can leave a tip in the pub if you want, but you _____.

·     mustn't

·     couldn't

·     don't have to

 

 

 

7- (Notice on a train)

Quiet carriage. Passengers _____ play music or talk on the phone in this part of the train.

·     can't

·     must not

·     don't have to

 

8- You _____ be a member to buy a ticket. It's open to everyone.

·     have to

·     don't have to

·     can

 

 

·     Answers:

·     1- A- Do we have to? (Is not an obligation)

 

·     2- A) Must (Obligation)

 

·     3- B) Have to (not an obligation)

 

·     4- C) Can’t (rules, is not allowed)

 

·     5- A) Mustn’t (Prohibition/ is not allowed: Rules)

 

·     6- C) Don’t have to (Is not an obligation)

 

·     7-B) Must not (Obligations: is

·     not permitted. Rules/laws/public signs/ notices)

 

·     8- B) Don’t have to (is not an obligation)

 

·     Q and session.

 

·     Send a video of YouTube with the topic of the class.

 

·     See you next class Wednesday February 23th for our practice day.

 

 

 

·     1- permission and obligation/ prohibition:

 

·     can/can’t/must/ mustn’t/have to don’t have to.

 

·     See you soon! #Teacherpam馃槉


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