Real and unreal conditionals: B1- intermediate:

 *Real Conditionals*

Real conditionals talk about situations that are possible or likely to happen. We use the present simple in the if-clause and the future simple in the main clause.

Example:

"If it rains, I'll take an umbrella." 

Here are a few more:

- If I finish my homework, I'll watch TV. 

- If she calls, I'll answer. 

- If it's sunny, we'll go to the beach. 

*Unreal Conditionals*

Unreal conditionals talk about situations that are unlikely or impossible. We use the past simple in the if-clause and would + base form of the verb in the main clause.

Example:

"If I won the lottery, I'd buy a house." 

Here are a few more:

- If I were you, I'd take the job. 

- If it snowed in Santo Domingo, we'd be surprised!  (Santo Domingo is the capital of the Dominican Republic, and it doesn't snow there)

- If I had more time, I'd learn to play the guitar. 

Real conditionals, also known as first conditionals, refer to situations that are likely to happen in the present or future. They describe possible outcomes based on a condition. 

The structure typically uses "if + present simple" in the "if clause" and "will + infinitive" in the main clause. 

Structure:

* If clause: If + present simple

* Main clause: will + infinitive 

Examples:

* "If it rains, we will stay inside."

* "If you study hard, you will pass the exam."

* "If I have time, I will call you."

* "What will you do if you miss the bus?" 

Key points:

* Real conditionals express possibilities and likely outcomes.

* The "if" clause sets the condition, and the main clause describes the consequence.

* The present simple is used in the "if" clause, and "will" + infinitive is used in the main clause. 

UNREAL CONDITIONALS:

    * Example: "If it were sunny, we could have the party outside." 

    * Note: 

 In the "if clause," "were" is used for all subjects when referring to the present or future, even with "I, he, she, it", according to grammar resources. 

* Past Unreal Conditionals: These describe situations that are contrary to past facts. 

    * Form: if + past perfect, would have + past participle or if + past perfect, could have/might have + past participle. 

    * Example: "If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake." 

    * Example: "If I hadn't been so tired, I could have finished the race." 

* Other variations: 

    * The past progressive can also be used in the "if clause" for actions in progress. 

    * "Would" indicates the most probable result, while "could" expresses ability or possibility. 

    * "Might have" suggests a weaker possibility. 

    * "Had I known" can be used instead of "If I had known" for a more emphatic or formal tone. 

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