The passive voice: B2- Intermediate:

 The passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject of a sentence receives the action rather than performing it, focusing on the recipient of the action instead of the doer. It is formed using a form of the auxiliary verb "to be" (e.g., is, were, has been) plus the past participle of the main verb. The passive voice is useful for de-emphasizing the subject, placing focus on the object or event, or when the doer is unknown or unimportant. 

How to identify the passive voice:

* Look for "to be" + past participle: A sentence in the passive voice will contain a form of the verb "to be" (like am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been) followed by the past participle of the main verb (e.g., eaten, built, observed).

* Look for "by + someone/something": Often, but not always, the doer of the action is introduced with the word "by".

Examples

* Active: The cat chased the mouse.

* Passive: The mouse was chased by the cat. (Focus is on the mouse) 

* Active: The company built the new bridge. 

* Passive: The new bridge was built by the company. (Focus is on the bridge) 

* Passive (without "by"): The new bridge was built. (Focus is on the bridge, and the builder is not mentioned) 

When to use the passive voice:

* To shift focus: When you want to emphasize the recipient of the action rather than the performer. 

* When the doer is unknown: "My bike was stolen" is more appropriate than "Someone stole my bike" if you don't know who stole it.

* When the doer is unimportant: "The experiment was conducted in a sterile environment" can be used when the specific person or group performing the experiment is not relevant. 

* In scientific or academic writing: To present facts objectively and de-emphasize the individual researcher or writer. 

*What is the passive voice?

The passive voice is a grammatical construction where the focus is on the action rather than the doer. It's formed using the verb "to be" + past participle.

*When to use the passive voice:*

1. When the doer is unknown or irrelevant: "The play was written in 1603."

2. To emphasize the action: "The new policy has been implemented."

3. In formal or technical writing: "The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment."

*Forming the passive voice:*

- Present simple: am/is/are + past participle

    - "The ball is thrown by John." (not common)

    - "The play is performed every night."

- Past simple: was/were + past participle

    - "The play was written by Shakespeare."

- Present perfect: has/have been + past participle

    - "The package has been delivered."

- Past perfect: had been + past participle

    - "The play had been performed many times before." 

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